Case Study:
Greater recognition of the need to document and analyze the process of program implementation has been an important development in evaluation research. The purpose of formative evaluation as being to collect information that can be used primarily for ongoing program development and improvement, and the purpose of summative evaluation as being to make an overall judgment about the effectiveness of the program
Formative evaluation is an ongoing process that is integrated into the development and implementation of a research project. It provides assessment information within a feedback loop. This assessment identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the project as it progresses. Data obtained from evaluations may be used to modify and redevelop the measurement instruments, the research design and the intervention program during the course of implementmg a project.
Dehar M, Casswell S, Duignan P. Formative and Process Evaluation of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs. Evaluation Review. 1993;17(2):204-220.
Process Evaluation
Two important uses of process evaluation information are assisting in interpretation of program outcomes, and informing future efforts in similar areas. The insight into program implementation that process evaluation provides can be seen to be equally important, whether a program successfully achieves its objectives or not. Without knowledge of program implementation it is impossible to judge whether a program that fails to show impacts reflects a failure of program design, or a failure to implement the program as originally specified
The process evaluation strategy recommended involved two major aspects (a) monitoring daily tasks (e.g., Are service obligations being met? Are staff members working where/when they should? Are staff adequately trained? Is the program administratively sound?), and (b) assessing program activities (e.g., Are the target groups being served? How well are the activities being run? Feedback from clients? Does the program have a good image?)
Dehar M, Casswell S, Duignan P. Formative and Process Evaluation of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs. Evaluation Review. 1993;17(2):204-220.
Important issues that must be addressed when developing a process-evaluation plan include (a) understanding the health promotion program and how it is supposed to work, (b) defining the purposes for the process evaluation, and (c) considering program characteristics and context and how these may affect implementation.
Saunders R, Evans M, Joshi P. Developing a Process-Evaluation Plan for Assessing Health Promotion Program Implementation: A How-To Guide. Health Promotion Practice. 2005;6(2):134-147.
Impact/outcome Evaluation
Impact measurement should also ensure that results can be generalised to the individuals and settings for which the health promotion program is intended. In some cases, impact measurement may involve measuring all individuals or organisations participating in the program.
Victorias Primary Care Partnerships (PCPs) [Internet]. Health.vic.gov.au. 2017 [cited 7 June 2017]. Available from: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/pcps/evaluation/index.htm
This type of evaluation is used to measure short- and medium-term effects (impacts) and longer-term effects (outcomes) of the program. It is also used to check whether programs are having an impact on populations facing the greatest inequalities.
Prevention and Population Health Branch 2010, Evaluation framework for health promotion and disease prevention programs, Melbourne, Victorian Government Department of Health.
Given the social and political nature of public health, an appraisal of evidence should determine whether the outcome variables cover the interests of all the important stakeholders, not just those who conduct or appraise evaluative research.60 important stakeholders include those with responsibility for implementation decisions as well as those affected by the intervention. Some of the latter may be in disenfranchised groups, and it is not always clear whose interests have been (or should be) considered in evaluative research.
Read less
They have a magnificent team. These people are always kind and willing to listen to your concerns or issues. Better yet, your assignment is always ready before the time, they usually send you a draft to double-check before they finalize your paper.
Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.
You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.
Read moreEach paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.
Read moreThanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.
Read moreYour email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.
Read moreBy sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.
Read more