Michael Porter wrote a book, Competitive Advantage (New York: The Free Press, 1980), which became the standard text on corporate strategy during the 1980s and 1990s, and remains so even today. In it, he claims that there are three sources of competitive advantage (1980, pp. 35-40):
(1) Overall cost leadership (you make something everybody else makes at lower unit cost)
(2) Differentiation (nobody else makes exactly what you make, and consumers are willing to pay a little extra to buy what you make rather than a substitute)
(3) Focus (you make a product or produce a service which is generally available, but focus on serving a narrow customer base and doing it better than anyone else)
Approach (3), if you think hard about it, is really just a combination of the other two, focused on a specific, often narrow customer base. Porter refers to the first two as “pure strategies.” See Slides 4-10 of the Lesson 10 Power Point for an analysis of these two pure strategies.
The rest of Porter’s book is a framework—the 5 Forces Model and its application—for assessing a business’s competitive situation, and how to direct its energies towards “winning.”
Deliverables
This written assignment is 6 pages, not including the title page and references. Use Times New Roman 12-pt font.
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